Munsi yamatara yinama y'abaminisitiri nuburyo bworoshye kandi bwingirakamaro bwo kumurika. Bitandukanye nicyuma gisanzwe cyaka, ariko, kwishyiriraho no gushiraho ni bike cyane. Twashize hamwe iki gitabo kugirango tugufashe guhitamo no gushiraho munsi yumucyo wumucyo.
Ibyiza byo Kumurika Inama y'Abaminisitiri
Nkuko izina ryayo ribigaragaza, munsi yamatara yinama y'abaminisitiri bivuga amatara ashyirwa munsi yinama y'abaminisitiri, bikavamo kumurika ako kanya munsi yumurongo cyangwa igice cyabakozi. Irakoreshwa cyane mubice byigikoni, aho amatara yinyongera ari ingirakamaro mugutegura ibiryo.
Mucyo amatara y'abaminisitiri afite ibyiza byinshi bitandukanye. Ubwa mbere, munsi yumucyo wabaminisitiri ufite imbaraga - aho gukenera gushyiramo itara ryose cyangwa igisenge, munsi yamatara yinama y'abaministre urashobora gushyirwaho mumabati yamaze gushyirwaho. Nkigisubizo, kumurika abaministre birashobora kuba byiza cyane, mugihe urebye igiciro cyose cyibikoresho.
Icya kabiri, munsi yumucyo wabaminisitiri urashobora gukoresha neza urumuri. Icyo dushaka kuvuga mubikorwa hano ntabwo byanze bikunze bivuga ingufu z'amashanyarazi (urugero LED vs halogen), ariko kuba munsi yumucyo winama y'abaministre iyobora urumuri aho rukenewe (ni ukuvuga igikoni cyigikoni) nta mucyo "wapfushije ubusa" usuka hejuru ya icyumba. Iyo ugereranije nigisenge cyangwa amatara yo kumeza, akwirakwiza urumuri ahantu hose, munsi yamatara yinama ninzira nziza cyane.
Icya gatatu, munsi yamatara yinama y'abaminisitiri arashimishije. Ntabwo bizamura gusa urumuri hamwe na ambiance muri rusange mugikoni cyawe, birashobora kongera agaciro k'urugo rwawe. Inyungu imwe ihambaye hano nuko munsi yumucyo winama y'abaminisitiri hafi ya yose iba yihishe rwose bitewe nuko yashizwe kumurongo wamabati. Byongeye kandi, kubera ko ubusanzwe yashyizwe munsi yurwego rwumutwe, abayirimo benshi ntibazareba "hejuru" mumucyo no kubona insinga cyangwa ibikoresho. Ibyo babona byose ni urumuri rwiza, rumuri rumanikwa hasi rugana ku gikoni.
Ubwoko bwa Mucyo Yabaminisitiri - Amatara
Amatara yama pake yari asanzwe azwi cyane kumurongo wamatara. Ni amatara magufi, ya silindrike (imeze nkumukino wumukino) ufite diameter ya santimetero 2-3. Mubisanzwe bakoresha amatara ya halogen cyangwa xenon, atanga urumuri rwa 20W.
Amatara yumucyo azashyirwa kumurongo wamabati ukoresheje imigozi mito irimo ibicuruzwa.
Amatara menshi ya xenon na halogen akora kuri 120V AC mu buryo butaziguye, ariko andi akora kuri 12V kandi bizakenera transformateur kugirango igabanye voltage. Wibuke ko ibyo bikoresho bya transformateur bishobora kuba binini kandi bizakenera guhanga udushya kugirango dushyire ahantu hihishe munsi yinama y'abaminisitiri.
Uyu munsi, amatara ya LED yiganje ku isoko, kandi atanga imikorere igereranijwe ku gice gito cyo gukoresha ingufu. LED ntabwo ikora kuri voltage yumurongo wa AC, ahubwo ni voltage nkeya DC, bityo bizakenera amashanyarazi kugirango uhindure voltage yumurongo. Kimwe na 12V ya halogen yamatara, uzakenera gushaka uburyo bwo kubika amashanyarazi ahishe muri guverenema yawe ahantu runaka, cyangwa ugahangana n "" urukuta-rukuta "rucomeka mumashanyarazi.
Ariko kubera ko amatara ya LED yamashanyarazi akora neza, amwe arashobora gukoreshwa na bateri. Ibi birashobora gukuraho gukenera gukoresha insinga z'amashanyarazi, gukora installation yumuyaga, no gukuraho isura idahwitse yinsinga z'amashanyarazi zidakabije.
Kubijyanye ningaruka zo kumurika, amatara yama pake arema ibintu bitangaje bisa nkibimurika, hamwe nigitereko cyerekanwe gitanga ishusho yibiti bya mpandeshatu hafi ya buri mucyo. Ukurikije uburyohe bwawe nibyo ukunda, ibi birashobora cyangwa ntibishobora kuba isura yifuzwa.
Wibuke kandi ko uzakenera amatara akwiye yumucyo hamwe nu mwanya ukwiye, kubera ko ahantu munsi yamatara yipaki hazaba "hotspots" mugihe uturere tumwe na tumwe tuzaba tumurika cyane. Muri rusange, ushobora kuba ushaka metero zigera kuri 1-2 hagati yamatara yama pake, ariko niba hari intera ngufi hagati yinama yamabati nigikoni, urashobora kubishyira hamwe, kuko urumuri ruzaba rufite intera nto yo "gukwirakwira. . "
Ubwoko bwa Mucyo Yabaministre - Itara na Strip Itara
Imyandikire ya kabari na strip ya munsi yamatara yabaminisitiri yatangiriye kumatara ya fluorescent yagenewe gukoreshwa nabaminisitiri. Bitandukanye n'amatara ya pake akora "hotspots" yumucyo, amatara yumurongo asohora urumuri ruringaniye muburebure bwitara, bigatuma urumuri rukwirakwizwa kandi rworoshye.
Amatara yumucyo wa Fluorescent mubusanzwe arimo ballast nibindi bikoresho bya elegitoroniki byinjijwe mu bikoresho, bigatuma kwishyiriraho no gukoresha insinga mu buryo bworoshye iyo ugereranije n’amatara ya puck. Ibikoresho byinshi bya fluorescent kugirango bikoreshe abaministre ni ibya T5 bihinduka, bitanga umwirondoro muto.
Kimwe mubibi byingenzi byerekana amatara ya fluorescent kugirango akoreshwe nabaminisitiri nibirimo mercure. Mugihe kidashoboka ariko biracyashoboka ko hacika itara, imyuka ya mercure ituruka kumatara ya fluorescent izakenera gusukurwa cyane. Mubidukikije byigikoni, imiti yuburozi nka mercure rwose ni inshingano.
LED umurongo n'amatara yumurongo ubu birashoboka. Baraboneka haba nka LED yumucyo cyangwa urumuri rwa LED. Ni irihe tandukaniro?
Imirasire yumucyo ya LED isanzwe "bar" ikomeye cyane ifite uburebure bwa metero 1, 2 cyangwa 3, kandi ifite LED yashyizwe imbere. Akenshi, bigurishwa nk "insinga itaziguye" - bivuze ko nta bikoresho bya elegitoroniki cyangwa transformateur bikenewe. Gucomeka gusa insinga za fixture mumashanyarazi kandi uri byiza kugenda.
Amatara amwe ya LED nayo yemerera urunigi rwimigozi, bivuze ko urumuri rwinshi rushobora guhuzwa hamwe rukurikiranye. Ibi kandi bituma kwishyiriraho byoroshye, kubera ko utagomba gukoresha insinga zitandukanye kuri buri kintu.
Tuvuge iki ku bikoresho bya LED? Mubisanzwe, ibyo bicuruzwa birakwiriye cyane kuborohewe na electronique nkeya, ariko muri iki gihe umurongo wuzuye wibikoresho nibisubizo byatumye byoroha gukorana nabo.
Ziza mumaguru 16, kandi ziroroshye, bivuze ko zishobora gushyirwaho hejuru yubusa kandi zigahindura impande zose. Birashobora gukatirwa kuburebure kandi, hanyuma bigashyirwa gusa munsi yubuso ubwo aribwo bwose.
Cyane cyane iyo ucana ahantu hanini, amatara ya LED arashobora kuba igisubizo cyiza cyane. Nubwo waba utorohewe na elegitoroniki, birashobora kuba byiza ko rwiyemezamirimo yinjira akaguha ikigereranyo, kuko igiciro cyanyuma gishobora kuba kidatandukanye cyane n’urumuri rwa LED, kandi ingaruka zanyuma zo kumurika zirashimishije cyane!
Impamvu Turasaba LED kugirango Mucyo Inama y'Abaminisitiri
LED nigihe kizaza cyo kumurika, kandi munsi yinama y'abaminisitiri nayo ntisanzwe. Utitaye ku kuba wahisemo kugura ibikoresho bya LED puck yamashanyarazi cyangwa urumuri rwa LED cyangwa umurongo wa LED, ibyiza bya LED nibyinshi.
Igihe kirekire cyo kubaho - munsi yamatara yinama y'abaminisitiri ntibishoboka kuhagera, ariko guhindura amatara ashaje ntabwo ari umurimo ushimishije. Hamwe na LED, urumuri ntirugabanuka cyane kugeza nyuma ya 25k - amasaha 50k - ni imyaka 10 kugeza kuri 20 ukurikije imikoreshereze yawe.
Ubushobozi buhanitse - LED munsi yamatara yinama y'abaminisitiri itanga urumuri rwinshi kuri buri mashanyarazi. Kuki ukoresha byinshi kuri fagitire y'amashanyarazi mugihe ushobora gutangira kuzigama amafaranga ako kanya?
Amahitamo menshi yamabara - ushaka ikintu gishyushye kandi cyiza? Hitamo umurongo wa LED 2700K. Urashaka ikintu gifite imbaraga nyinshi? Hitamo 4000K. Cyangwa urashaka ubushobozi bwo kugera kumabara ayo ari yo yose, harimo icyatsi kibisi nubururu bukonje, bwijimye? Gerageza umurongo wa RGB LED.
Ntabwo ari uburozi - Amatara ya LED aramba kandi ntabwo arimo mercure cyangwa indi miti yubumara. Niba ushyira munsi yumucyo wabaministre kugirango usabe igikoni, ibi nibindi byongeweho kuva ikintu cya nyuma wifuza nukwanduza kubwimpanuka ibiryo hamwe n’ahantu hategurirwa ibiryo.
Ibara ryiza kumurongo wamatara
Nibyiza, rero twakwemeje ko LED arinzira nzira. Ariko kimwe mubyiza bya LED - kugira amabara menshi - bishobora gutera urujijo hamwe namahitamo yose aboneka. Hasi turagabanya amahitamo yawe.
Ubushyuhe bw'amabara
Ubushyuhe bwamabara numubare usobanura uburyo "umuhondo" cyangwa "ubururu" ibara ryumucyo. Hano hepfo turatanga umurongo ngenderwaho, ariko uzirikane ko nta guhitamo kwukuri rwose, kandi ibyinshi muribyo bishobora gushingira kubyo ukunda wenyine.
●2700K ifatwa nk'ibara rimwe n'amatara ya kera yaka cyane
●3000K ifite ubururu buke kandi isa na halogen itara ryaka, ariko iracyafite ubushyuhe, butumira ibara ry'umuhondo.
●4000K bakunze kwita "kutagira aho babogamiye" kuko ntabwo ari ubururu cyangwa umuhondo - kandi ni hagati yubushyuhe bwamabara.
●5000K isanzwe ikoreshwa muguhitamo ibara, nko gucapa imyenda
●6500K ifatwa nkumucyo usanzwe, kandi nuburyo bwiza bwo kugereranya kugaragara mubihe byo kumurika hanze
Kubisabwa mugikoni, turasaba cyane ubushyuhe bwamabara hagati ya 3000K na 4000K.
Kubera iki? Nibyiza, amatara ari munsi ya 3000K azatera ibara ryumuhondo-orange cyane, rishobora gutuma imyumvire yibara igorana gato niba ukoresha agace ko gutegura ibiryo, ntabwo rero dusaba ko hajyaho itara riri munsi ya 3000K.
Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwibara butanga amabara meza. 4000K itanga umweru mwiza, uringaniye utagifite byinshi bibogamye byumuhondo / orange, byoroshye cyane "kubona" amabara neza.
Keretse niba ucana ahantu h'inganda aho ibara rya "kumanywa" rikenewe, turasaba cyane kuguma munsi ya 4000K, cyane cyane kubatuye munsi yamashanyarazi. Ibi ni ukubera ko ahasigaye mugikoni no murugo hashobora kuba hari amatara 2700K cyangwa 3000K - mugihe uhise ushyira ikintu "cyiza" cyane mugikoni, ushobora kurangiza ufite ibara ridahuye neza.
Hasi ni urugero rwigikoni gifite munsi yumuriro wumuriro wubushyuhe burenze urugero - bigaragara gusa ubururu kandi ntibishobora guhuza neza nibindi bisigaye byo kumurika imbere.
CRI: hitamo 90 cyangwa hejuru
CRI ni amacenga make kubyumva kuko ntabwo ahita agaragara uhereye gusa kureba urumuri rwasohotse ruva munsi yumucyo wabaminisitiri.
CRI ni amanota kuva kuri 0 kugeza 100 apima uburyonezaIbintu bigaragara munsi yumucyo. Iyo amanota ari hejuru, nukuri.
Nikinezabivuze rwose, nonese?
Reka tuvuge ko ugerageza guca urubanza rwera inyanya ugiye gutema. LED yuzuye neza munsi yumucyo wabaministre yatuma ibara ryinyanya risa neza neza nkuko rimeze kumanywa.
LED idahwitse (hasi CRI) LED munsi yumucyo wabaminisitiri, ariko, yatuma ibara ryinyanya risa ukundi. Nubwo washyizeho umwete, ntushobora kumenya neza niba inyanya zeze cyangwa zidakuze.
Nibyiza, numero CRI ihagije niyihe?
●Kubikorwa bidafite ibara, turasaba kugura LED munsi yamatara yinama y'abaminisitiri byibuze 90 CRI.
●Kugirango ugaragare neza kandi ufite amabara neza, turasaba 95 CRI cyangwa hejuru, harimo R9 indangagaciro zirenga 80.
Nigute ushobora kumenya LED munsi ya CCT cyangwa CRI itara? Mubyukuri ababikora bose bazashobora kuguha ibi kurupapuro rwerekana ibicuruzwa cyangwa bipfunyika.
Umurongo w'urufatiro
Kugura ibishya munsi yamatara yinama yinzu yawe ni amahitamo meza, kuko arashobora kuzamura imikoreshereze nuburanga bwigikoni. Wibuke ko hamwe na LED y'amabara ya LED, guhitamo ubushyuhe bukwiye bwamabara na CRI birashobora kuba ibintu byingenzi mubyemezo byo kugura ibicuruzwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-07-2023
